IELTS Writing Task 1 Sample (Package 3)


Here are some samples of IELTS Writing Task 1 which will help you prepare for the test. If you haven't read our post on Writing Task 1 material, you can find it here


Line Graph
The line graph presents the amount of beverages consumed in Canada in a 20 year period commencing from the year of 1990. The consumption is measured in millions of liter per week. In general, there had been a significant decrease in the proportion of milk consumption, while the consumption of Pepsi  indicates an upward trend.

In 1990, there were a lot of people drinking milk, consuming almost 36 millions of liters per week. Within a decade, the number decreased by 10 millions of liter per week. The consumption slightly decreased for another ten years, and leveled off until the end of the period.

In contrary, the consumption of Pepsi only made up 26 millions of liter per week in 1990. Two decades later, the number witnessed a slight increase and represented around 28 millions of liter consumption per week. The amount of Pepsi being consumed in Canada experienced a sudden leap in the year of 2005, and finally reached its peak five years later. In the year of 2010, there were more than 36 millions liter of Pepsi being consumed weekly.


Pie Chart

The pie chart gives information about the advantages and disadvantages of visiting Halifaz. It is quite noticeable that the tourists really love the scenery. However, it is also inevitable that the high living cost still becomes a major drawback of the area.

The first pie chart illustrates some problems that the people have to deal with when staying in Halifaz. Living expenses is too high for the people to cover, contributing almost 50% downside. The lack of entertainment becomes another reason why visitors are dissatisfied, making up a third of the overall drawback. Regardless, the weather is not really that bad in Halifaz, contributing only one fifth of the overall downside. Food quality accounts for 5% only, and is not the major problem that deter tourism in the area.


The other pie chart provides some evidence that Halifaz is actually a wonderful tourism destination, despite all the disadvantages aforementioned. Aside from 40% competitive age which goes to the people, Halifaz has a beautiful panorama which attracts tourists. The scenery is the second main reason why visitors love the town, and its percentage is just a little below 40%. Accommodation and culture also become the edge of Halifaz, the former accounts for 11%, the latter is more by 1%.



Bar Graph

The bar graph shows the amount of men's and women's daily calories from fast food in 2015. Units are measured in percentage. It can be clearly seen that the consumption of fast food kept decreasing as people grow older.

Members of 18-34 age group indicate the highest percentage. Women had 16% daily calories from fast food, while men's percentage was slightly higher. As the people reached their 40's and 50's, the consumption was almost reduced by a half. Women's percentage of daily calories from fast food in this age group was somehow still lower than men's.

In 50-64 age group, both men and women had less than 10% daily calories from fast food, with men's percentage being 1% higher. Men and women who were 65 or older had the lowest percentage of daily calories from fast food, making up 5% and 3% daily calories respectively.



Table

The table delineates the change in the number of Canadian, German and British citizens aged 65 and above in 1998 and 2000, as well as its future projection  in 2030. Units are measured in percentage. At glance, the population of elderly shows an upward trend.

In 1990, Canadians whose age was 65 or above only made up 16.32%. Twelve years later, the number increased by a quarter. It is estimated that the percentage of people from this age group will reach 26.35 in 2030.

Germany is the country with the highest number of elder people. In 1990, 20.45% of the whole German population belong to 65-or-above age group. The number experiences 5% growth in 2000. By the year of 2030, this age number will represent one third of German citizens.

In UK, people who were aged 65 or above only accounted for 14.23%. The number did not undergo any significant change in 2000. However, it is predicted that 65-or-above age group will constitute one fifth of UK population a decade later.



Map

The map portrays the layout of a city and its transformation. It can easily be recognized that the city is now more modernized.

The city has a main road stretching from north to south. In the middle of the city, there was a housing. In tbe present days, the road is extended because two new units of houses are built in the western part of the city. There is also a main road which stretches from the east to west, located near the sea. In the T-junction of these roads, there is a cafe which remains unchanged. Across the cafe, a hotel which now has a parking lot.

In 1995, there was a farm land in the north eastern region of the city. In the preset days, the farm land turns into a golf park. A small proportion of the forest park located in the south of the farm land now becomes a tennis court.  Moving to the southern region, the fishing port which was located near the sea is now demolished. The fish market which was close to the fishing port has transformed into apartmets. Several shops across the fish market now become a restaurant.



Process

The picture illustrates several steps by which chocolate is produced. There are ten stages in the process.

The initial six stages of chocolate production take place in the plantation. Firstly, the red ripe pods are harvested from the plantation. These pods are produced by cocoa tree which can be found in South America, Africa and Indonesia. After that, the white beans are taken out of the pods. These beans will get to the fermentation process, before being naturally dried by the help of sunlight. The dried and fermented beans are put in sacks and then delievered to the factory.

The other three stages of chocolate production takes place in a factory. The cocoa beans which were transported from the plantation are roasted. This stage requires an extremely high temperature, reaching 350 degree Celcius. After the roasting stage, the beans will be be crushed in order to separate the inner part of the beans from the outer shell. Lastly, the inner part will be pressed to produce liquid chocolate.

Materi Dasar Bahasa Inggris untuk SMP dan SMA

Pada kesempatan ini, kita akan membahas berbagai materi Bahasa Inggris dasar yang diajarkan di jenjang SMP dan SMA. Artikel ini akan terus diupdate sampai semua materi ter-cover, sehingga pembaca dapat menjadikannya sebagai sarana belajar. Bagi pengajar, materi ini juga dapat menjadi bahan yang disampaikan di kelas.

Sekarang, mari kita mulai dengan mempelajari berbagai jenis kata dalam Bahasa Inggris.

Bab I


Kalimat Bahasa Inggris


Kelas Kata Utama dalam Bahasa Inggris
Dalam Bahasa Inggris, ada empat kelas kata utama, yakni:
  • Noun (kata benda)
  • Verb (kata kerja)
  • Adjective (kata sifat)
  • Adverb (kata keterangan)


Noun
Noun adalah kata yang merujuk pada benda, baik benda yang bersifat konkret (seperti meja, bangku, papan tulis, dsb) maupun benda yang bersifat abstrak (seperti ide, gagasan, imajinasi dsb). Noun masih dikelompokkan lagi berdasarkan jenis-jenisnya, diantaranya:


Singular Noun 
Singular Noun adalah benda yang berjumlah satu. Dalam kalimat, biasanya singular Noun berdampingan dengan article a atau an. Perhatikan contoh berikut ini!

Robert has a cat, dimana kata benda "cat" berjumlah satu. Selain article a, ada juga beberapa kata yang dapat mengindikasikan bahwa sebuah benda berjumlah satu, atau disebutkan satu per satu, misal: single, one, each, every, dsb.

Plural Noun biasanya memiliki akhiran -s, yang menunjukkan bahwa benda berjumlah lebih dari satu. Misal:

I have cats, dimana kata benda "cats" berjumlah lebih dari satu.

Catatan:
Plural Noun tidak dapat menggunakan article a atau an. Misal: I have a five cats

Dalam Bahasa Inggris, ada beberapa plural Noun yang tidak beraturan (irregular) dan tidak dapat mengikuti aturan penambahan akhiran -s, misal:

child (singular) - children (plural) dan bukan childs
Ox (singular) - oxen (plural) dan bukan oxes
Person (singular) - people (plural), meskipun persons juga bisa 

Selain singular dan plural, Noun juga bisa kategorikan ke dalam Countable Noun dan Uncountable Noun. Countable Noun adalah benda yang dapat dihitung, sedang Uncountable Noun adalah benda yang tidak dapat dihitung. Suatu benda dikategorikan ke dalam Countable Noun bila ia dapat dihitung per satuan. Misal, kursi dihitung per biji, orang dihitung per kepala, dan sebagainya. Sebaliknya, sebuah benda masuk ke dalam kategori uncountable Noun bila ia tidak dapat dihitung per satuan. Misal, gula tidak akan dihitung per butir (tapi dihitung dengan menggunakan satuan pengukuran kilogram), air tidak akan dihitung per tetes (tapi dihitung per liter).

Adjective
Adjective (kata sifat) adalah kata yang berfungsi memberikan keterangan tambahan bagi Noun. Ada berbagai macam bentuk Adjective dalam Bahasa Inggris, misalnya:

Size: small, medium, large, huge, big, long, extensive dan lain sebagainya.
Colour: Red, green, blue, yellow dan lain sebagainya.
Gender: Male, female
Age: Young, old
Quantity: Few, many, much, a little, some, several dan lain sebagainya
Quality: Smart, diligent, beautiful, handsome, rich dan lain sebagainya
Shape: Rectangel, abstract, triangle, round(ed) dan lain sebagainya
Proper Adjective (nationality, material, dsb): American, British, Danish, metal, wooden, dan lain sebagainya
Purpose: Running (pada running shoes), writing (pada writing tool) dan lain sebagainya.

Satu Noun dapat dijelaskan oleh banyak Adjective, yang berarti akan ada beberapa Adjective yang digunakan. Penggunaan Adjective yang berjumlah lebih dari satu harus berdasarkan urutan berikut ini:

1. Quantity
2. Quality
3. Size
4. Age
5. Shape
6. Colour
7. Proper Adjective
8. Purpose

Misal, saya memiliki kata benda shoes dan tiga Adjective: leather, old, big, dan black. Penyebutan Adjective ini harus sesuai urutan di atas tadi, sehingga akan menjadi seperti ini:

There are a lot of big old black leather shoes in the warehouse, dimana Adjectivenya dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut:

There (Subject) are (Verb) a lot of (Quantity) big (Size) old (Age) black (Colour) leather (Proper) shoes (Noun -sebagai Object)

Struktur Kalimat Bahasa Inggris
Dalam Bahasa Inggris, sebuah kalimat harus memiliki Subject dan Verb dan membentuk struktur S+V, misal:



  • I am studying
  • Alan is singing
Selain Subject dan Verb, kalimat Bahasa Inggris terkadang memiliki Object dan Kata Keterangan (Adverb). Perhatikan contoh berikut ini!

  • Andy is reading a book, dimana Andy adalah Subject, is reading adalah Verb, dan a book adalah Object. Struktur kalimat ini adalah S+V+O
  • Andy is reading a book outside. Struktur kalimat ini sama persis dengan kalimat sebelumnya. Hanya saja, terdapat Adverb "outside"
Dalam Bahasa Inggris, terdapat tiga jenis kata keterangan yang harus anda ketahui, yakni:

Adverb of Place
Adverb of Place adalah kata keterangan tempat. Beberapa contoh Adverb of Place di antaranya:

Adverb of Place
Artinya
Inside
Di dalam
Outside
Di luar
Ovesreas
Di luar negeri
Abroad
Di luar negeri
Behind
Di belakang
Below
Di bawah
Elsewhere
Di tempat lain
Downstairs
Di lantai bawah
Upstairs
Di lantai atas
Here
Disini
There
Disana
Near
Dekat
Under
Di bawah
Opposite
Di seberang
Across
Di seberang
Above
Di atas
Nearby
Dekat

Selain kata keterangan tempat, kita juga dapat memberikan keterangan waktu dengan Adverb of time. Perhatikan penjelasan berikut ini!

  • Andy went to the park yesterday
  • I just got here two days ago
Kata yesterday (kemarin) dan two days ago (dua hari yang lalu) adalah contoh kata keterangan waktu. Berikut ini beberapa contoh lain dari Adverb of Time dalam Bahasa Inggris:

Adverb of Time

Adverb of Time
Artinya
Today
Hari ini
Tomorrow
Besok
Tonight
Malam ini
This morning
Tadi pagi
The day after tomorrow
Lusa
Two days ago
Dua hari yang lalu
This week
Minggu ini
Last year
Tahun lalu
Last month
Bulan lalu
Last week
Minggu lalu
Last night
Tadi malam
Now
Sekarang
Later
Nanti
Just then
Tadi
Late night
Larut malam
Some time ago
Beberapa waktu yang lalu
Two weeks ago
Dua minggu lalu


Dalam Bahas Inggris, Adverb of Time ini sering menjelaskan waktu terjadinya sesuatu, dan memberikan petunjuk mengenai bentuk kata kerja yang harus kita gunakan dalam sebuah kalimat. Misal, Adverb of Time "yesterday" menjadi time marker untuk Past Tense. Untuk penjelasan mengenai Kata Kerja dalam Bahasa Inggris, perhatikan penjelasan berikut ini!

Verb

Verb atau Kata Kerja menjelaskan "apa yang dilakukan oleh Subject". Dalam Bahasa Inggris, Verb berkaitan erat dengan aturan Tense (waktu) dan Aspect. Berikut ini penjelasannya:


Tenses & Aspect



Past

Present

Future

Simple



Simple Past Tense

Simple Present Tense

Simple Future Tense

Continuous

Past Continuous Tense

Present Continuous Tense



Future Continuous Tense


Perfect


Past Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense

Future Perfect Tense

Perfect Continuous


Past Perfect Continuous Tense



Present Perfect 
Continuous Tense

Future Perfect Continuous Tense


Simple Verb adalah kata kerja yang selalu berulang, biasanya digunakan untuk menjelaskan kebiasaan, misal:


  • I always wake up at 4.30 in the morning
Biasanya, Simple Verb menggunakan Adverb: always, often, habitually, usually, every day, every week, every month, every year, dan lain sebagainya. Simple Adverb juga bisa digunakan untuk menjelaskan fenomena alam, misal:

  • The sun rises from the east
  • The Nort Pole is always cold and snowy

Continuous Verb menjelaskan sesuatu yang sedang terjadi (on going). Perhatikan contoh berikut ini!

  • The students are studying (yang berarti kegiatan belajar mengajar sedang berlangsung
  • We are driving in the country road (yang berarti kami sedang dalam perjalanan)
Perfect Verb menjelaskan sesuatu yang sudah dilakukan atau sudah selesai. Perhatikan contoh berikut ini!

  • I have done my homework (saya sudah menyelesaikan PR saya)
  • We have arrived at the airport (kami sudah tiba di bandara)
Perfect Continuous Verb menjelaskan suatu hal yang sudah dikerjakan dalam durasi tertentu, dan masih akan dilakukan. Perhatikan contoh berikut ini!

  • We have been living in here since 2005 (kami sudah tinggal disini [untuk sekian lama] dan akan masih tinggal disini sampai batas waktu yang tidak ditentukan)
Tense pada Verb berkaitan erat dengan waktu terjadinya Verb tersebut. Past Tense menjelaskan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa lampau, Present Tense menjelaskan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa kini, dan Future Tense menjelaskan sesuatu yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datan. Perhatikan contoh berikut ini!


  • I went to school yesterday (Past Tense, menggunakan V2)
  • I read a newspaper (Present Tense, menggunakan V1)
  • I will buy some candies (Future Tense, menggunakan bentuk will+Vinf)
Rumus Tenses dalam Verb Bahasa Inggris secara lebih terperinci dijelaskan sebagai berikut:




Tenses & Aspect
Past
Present
Future

Simple


Simple Past Tense

S+V1+C

Simple Present Tense

S+V2+C

Simple Future Tense

S+will+Vinf+C


Continuous

Past Continuous Tense

S+was/were+Ving+C

Present Continuous Tense


S+is/am/are+Ving+C

Future Continuous Tense


S+will+be+Ving+C

Perfect

Past Perfect Tense

S+had+V3+C

Present Perfect Tense

S+has/have+V3+C

Future Perfect Tense

S+will+have+V3+C


Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous Tense


S+had+been+Ving+C


Present Perfect 
Continuous Tense


S+has/have+been+Ving+C

Future Perfect Continuous Tense


S+will+have+been+Ving+C

Catatan: C pada rumus di atas berarti Complement, unsur kalimat selain S+V*



Adverb of Manner
Adverb of Manner atau kata keterangan cara menjelaskan bagaimana suatu hal tindakan (Verb) dilakukan. Ada dua bentuk Adverb of Manner dalam Bahasa Inggris, yaitu: 

Regular Adverb (beraturan)
Irregular Adverb adalah keterangan cara yang berakhiran dengan -ly, misalkan: carefully, recklessly, diligently, dan lain sebagainya. Adverb of Manner dapat muncul di awal, tengah maupun akhir kalimat. Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini!

  • Adverb of Manner yang muncul di akhir kalimat
a. You have to walk carefully, since your leg is still injured
b. Andy always studies diligently
c. Sonya always drives recklessly

  • Adverb of Manner yang muncul di tengah kalimat
a. The athletes beautifully play the game
b. The men carefully walk on the street
c. The raccoon unexpectedly jump off the roof

  • Adverb of Manner yang muncul di awal kalimat
a. Rarely does an employee have such inititative
b. Not only is he smart, George is also a hardworking person


Irregular Adverb (tidak beraturan)
Irregular Adverb tidak berakhiran dengan -ly, dan jumlahnya tidak sebanyak Regular Adverb. Perhatikan contoh berikut!

  • I ran really fast because that dog was chasing me
  • He has to work hard to support his family

Kalimat Declarative, Negative dan Interrogative
Dalam Bahasa Inggris, sebuah kalimat dalam bentuk statement secara umum disebut sebagai kalimat declarative. Selain itu, juga terdapat kalimat negatif yang bermakna tidak atau bukan, serta kalimat tanya (interrogative). Untuk jelasnya, perhatikan penjelasan berikut ini!

Bentuk Kalimat Aktif (Present Tense)

Untuk Subject I, you, they dan we
(+) We buy some flowers (declarative)
(-) We don't buy some flowers (negative)
(?) Do we buy some flowers? (interrogative)

Untuk Subject he, she dan it

(+) George goes to school (declarative)
(-)  George doesn't not go to school (negative)
(?)  Does George go to school? (interrogative)

Bentuk kalimat aktif mengikuti aturan Tense dan Aspect seperti yang sudah dijelaskan sebelumnya. Pada bentuk kalimat negatif, dapat anda lihat bahwa terdapat penambahan auxiliary (kata kerja bantu) "does". Bengitu juga dengan bentuk interrogativenya. Ketika sudah memiliki auxiliary does, kata kerja yang sebelumnya dalam bentuk goes berubah menjadi kata kerja asli, yakni "go".

Bentuk Kalimat Aktif (Past Tense)

(+) Tania brought some candies (declarative)
(-)  Tania did not bring some candies (negative)
(?)  Did Tania bring some candies? (interrogative)

Bentuk Kalimat dengan to be

To be Bentuk Present
(+) I'm feeling well (declarative)
(-)  I'm not feeling well (negative)
(?)  Am I feeling well? (interrogative)

To be Bentuk Past

(+) She was nice to me (declarative)
(-)  She wasn't nice to me (negative)
(?)  Was she nice to me? (interrogative)

To be Bentuk Future
(+) It will be fun (declarative)
(-)  It will not/won't be fun (negative)
(?)  Will it be fun? (interrogative)

Bentuk Kalimat Aktif (Future Tense)

(+) We will go on a vacation (declarative)
(-)  We will not/won't go on vacation (negative)
(?)  Will we go on vacation? (interrogative)

Bentuk Kalimat Aktif (Perfect Tense)

(+) They have finished their assignment (declarative)
(-)  They haven't finished their assignment (negative)
(?)  Have they finished their assignment? (interrogative)


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